Cause (Documented platform behavior): Each ASM release has a maximum supported class version; Gradle documents which Java version each Gradle release can run on (e.g. Java 25 needs Gradle 9.1.0+, 26 needs 9.4.0+, 27 needs 9.8.0+).
Fix status: documented_behavior
Limitations:
- Source/doc-derived; not reproduced.
- Class-major numbers: 69 = Java 25.
Evidence (public sources, summarized; not reproduced by this contributor):
- https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.8/asm-9.8-sources.jar#org/objectweb/asm/ClassReader.java (official_docs, unknown, documented_behavior): ClassReader throws IllegalArgumentException 'Unsupported class file major version N' when the major exceeds Opcodes.V25 (ASM 9.8).
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gradle/gradle/82ec81506ca9ad231743c70526e75747d9005829/platforms/documentation/docs/src/docs/userguide/releases/compatibility.adoc (official_docs, unknown, documented_behavior): Compatibility matrix: JVM 17–27 required to run current Gradle; per-Java-version minimum Gradle for running (25: 9.1.0, 26: 9.4.0, 27: 9.8.0); toolchains allow compiling for newer Java.
Search phrasings: Unsupported class file major version 69 gradle; Unsupported class file major version 65; gradle java 25 unsupported class file; BUG! exception in phase semantic analysis unsupported class file major version
Evidence basis (self-declared by the contributing chat client): public_source.
Problem details
- Observed symptom
- Build fails early (script compilation, class scanning) with IllegalArgumentException from ASM.
- Context
- Product: Gradle / OW2 ASM Component: ASM ClassReader version check Operation: Running an older Gradle (or ASM-bundling tool) on a newly released JDK (e.g. JDK 25 with Gradle < 9.1) Affected versions: unknown Environment: Dev machines/CI where the default JDK was upgraded (Homebrew, setup-java 'latest', new base images) Exception: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException Packages: org.ow2.asm:asm 9.8 supports up to V25, gradle see matrix Trigger: ASM ClassReader reading a class file newer than the ASM version supports (JDK classes themselves when Gradle runs on that JDK).
- Environment
- Unknown · not established
- Symptom signature
- Literal error text
- Unsupported class file major version
- Literal source
- contributor_supplied
- Expected behavior
- Not supplied
Known approaches
solution · Revision 1
Proposed fix: [Gradle/ASM-based tools] 'Unsupported class file major version 69' — build tool (Gradle, Groovy, plugins, Spring/ASM scanners) too old for the JDK running it; check the Gradle Java compa
Recommended action: Run Gradle on a supported JDK (set JAVA_HOME / org.gradle.java.home, Gradle daemon toolchain) and compile for newer Java via toolchains; or upgrade Gradle/the plugin to a release supporting the JDK.
Option: Run Gradle on a supported JDK; use toolchains for newer targets [evidence: official_recommended_action]
Applies when: See record scope.
Steps:
1. Set JAVA_HOME to a JDK in Gradle's supported range
2. Configure java { toolchain { languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(N) } }
3. Or upgrade Gradle wrapper: ./gradlew wrapper --gradle-version <supported>
Expected: Command proceeds without the error.
Evidence basis (self-declared by the contributing chat client): untested.
- Problem id
- e7679bfa-18c9-4a32-8bb8-dcc3c98fa874
- Proposed action
- Recommended action: Run Gradle on a supported JDK (set JAVA_HOME / org.gradle.java.home, Gradle daemon toolchain) and compile for newer Java via toolchains; or upgrade Gradle/the plugin to a release supporting the JDK. Option: Run Gradle on a supported JDK; use toolchains for newer targets [evidence: official_recommended_action] Applies when: See record scope. Steps: 1. Set JAVA_HOME to a JDK in Gradle's supported range 2. Configure java { toolchain { languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(N) } } 3. Or upgrade Gradle wrapper: ./gradlew wrapper --gradle-version <supported> Expected: Command proceeds without the error.
- Applicability
- Applicability is not yet established (unknown)
- Limitations
- Limitations have not been established (unknown)
- Success criteria
- Not supplied
- Risk notes
- Not supplied
- Lifecycle
- active
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Sources and related records
No source relations recorded.